LAD # 21

In the late 1800s a man from Scotland, became a billionaire, due to his successful business in the iron and steel empire, this man was Andrew Carnegie. A surprising fact about Mr. Carnegie is that he donated a large portion of his money to charities, he especially favored libraries. Mr. Carnegie states that it is important for some to be wealthier than others, this way they can help society advance by being patrons of the arts. He goes on to say that all men should strive for wealth, and that this wealth can be passed down, donated for the betterment of society, or just spent. He disliked the idea of passing down wealth to ones children, in hope that they would carry on the family’s legacy; he found it distasteful and unproductive. Mr. Carnegie also claims that death taxes are beneficial to society, due to the fact that they prevent people from hoarding their wealth throughout their lives. 

It is in his opinion that the best use of money is to aid society and culture, opposed to holding on to it.  His last point in this was that he argues that the best way to use ones wealth is to spend it on items that are productive. In this idea by passing money to many different hands in society, Mr. Carnegie can help his society and those around him who would wish to live comfortably.

LAD # 20

 President Lincoln's  Emancipation Proclamation  January 1, 1863 

President Lincoln gave his Emancipation Proclamation on January 1, 1863, he opens by asserting that all slaves in the United States are now free, and that their liberty is supported by the United States government and military. President Lincoln states that the executive government will consider certain states in rebellion against the Union and America, if they do not comply with the government and appear in congress by a certain day. With much vigor he then states that the states that are in rebellion are not only against the United States but him and his authority as Commandeer-in-Chief. He then goes on to say that the United States government will support the emancipation of all slaves from said territories and that these slaves should begin to work for reasonable wages. Then very proudly Lincoln declares that we would gladly put these liberated slaves into military garrisons. At the end of his Proclamation, he concludes with that he has fixed the motion of America by moving his hand in this Constitution-warranted direction.

LAD # 19

Abraham Lincoln's  Second Inaugural Address  1865

 President Lincoln starts off his second Inaugural Address by saying that there is little new information and that this address will be much shorted than his previous one. He then went on to say that in his previous address he recognized the two groups that had emerged, the ones who desired to secede and the ones who would take on a war if that meant protecting the union. Even though the government had not desire to take away slavery, the Southern Confederates still waged a war for secession. Lincoln then goes on to say that no one could have foreseen the strength or duration of this war. Also, President Lincoln referrers to God many times throughout his address. It is his opinion that both sides have asked for God’s help, but neither side’s prayers have been answered. He states that if God wanted there to be the destruction of slavery, it will be so. Then very politely, he closes by saying that the United States shall repair its wounds and hold "malice towards none" after this horrible war.

LAD # 18

After some confusion between Justice Roger Taney and other Justices about his Scott vs. Sanford Court case decision, this was a man who elected to jive the common mans opinion. He gave a very harsh response to this case. Taney addressed three main issues, first the right of Scott to sue in a federal court, second the constitutionality of the Missouri Compromise, and third was the idea of slaves as property. Taney first argued that due to the fact that Scott was a black, he was not legally a citizen and did not have the right to sue the federal court. Second he argued that the Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional due to the fact that it deprived many citizens of their right to property. Since slaves were considered property at the time, this was unconstitutional, because it did deprive citizens of there property. Lastly he argued that even if a slave was to move into a state where it was banned, they were still there owner’s property and must be returned to their owners. In conclusion, Scott went back to involuntary servitude as a slave. Ultimately, Taney referred the case to a lower court for lack of federal jurisdiction.

LAD # 17

In 1851 at a Women’s Convention in Akron, Ohio, Sojourner Truth gave a powerful speech, despite her lack of an English Education. Sojourner begins her speech by saying that between blacks’ rights and women’s rights; a conflict is bound to occur at any time. In response to a man’s statement saying that women were meant to be helped and not do anything for themselves. She shares scaring stories of her own enslavement. She remind the people in the audience that she was beaten and whipped along with working long painful hours as a slave, and give not receive any help from a man. She them argues back to this narrow mined man, that because she was a women and survived these hardships, that this man’s statement is incorrect. Adding on to that she says that even if a women or black has less intelligence that they should still be able to use whatever amount no matter how small. Her last point was that the Virgin Mary gave birth to Jesus, forever changing the world, clearly eliminating the argument that females cannot make any difference. After that with true southern hospitality Sojourner thanks the people for their time.

LAD # 16

On Independence Day in 1852 Frederick Douglass was asked to give a speech. He started off by stating that although it was an independence day for whites, many African Americans around them were still bound to involuntary servitude. Douglass questions the very white men who asked him to speak, wondering if they have called upon him to simply make fun of the fact that his own race does not have the same freedoms as the whites. He then argues that for some one to celebrate this day was treason, due to the fact that a large number of blacks were still in servitude. He expressed his anger towards the fact that even though blacks participate in the same life activities, including religion, they were not given the same rights as them. Douglass calls Independence Day a “sham” and that god would see this day in no other way. He says it’s the white men who are savages for enslaving blacks. Douglass then concludes by stating the US is the most savage nation that ever existed in the world.

LAD # 15

                            

The Gettysburg Address

President Lincoln opens his Gettysburg address by thoroughly reminding the American people that the main goal and purpose of the United States is for equality and democracy. He then continues on saying that the United States is entangled in a horrible Civil War, with many men dying, dying and making American soil their final resting place. With much exuberance he exclaims that these men who have passed will not die in vain. Then he says that the world may not remember this speech, but the world will always remember the sacrifices these men made. In end he states that America "shall have a new birth of freedom", that our great nation will come out of this horrible war as a stronger more united nation.

LAD #14

President Abraham Lincoln's First Inaugural Address

President Lincoln started his first Inaugural address by stating some clarifications. His first statement was that he had no intention of abolishing slavery, and that he south can relax on this subject. President Lincoln then quoted the American constitution, in which he reminded the Americans that any run away slave is to be returned to their owner across state lines. He then made the specific point in saying that the union will survive and no states will be allowed to secede, due to the fact that it would go against the constitution. Then he also stated he has no plans of using his powers to limit the power of any of the states. These statements established him as a very strict constitutionalist, he clarifies by saying since the constitution does not give any one in the federal government the right to interfere with slavery, that he will not do so. After that he states that the minority will follow the will of the majority, because the result would be anarchy if they did not. He goes on to say that it goes against logic for the union to break apart, but he does encourage the people to use their power to amend the government. He says the government exists to serve the governed. He ends his first Inaugural address by saying that the United States are close to a civil war and that he hopes the American people can become friends again, and forget their enemies.

LAD #13 - John Calhoun's Speech

In John Calhoun's speech he argues the cause of the current sectionalist tensions felt in the country. He discusses many topics such as the issue of slavery, the equilibrium in the senate and the tariff, plus many other topics to what he thinks the cause of this sectionalism is. To the greatest extent Calhoun believes that the issue of slavery is the biggest cause of this tension. In the North, their states are increasing in numbers and will ultimately lead to an imbalance in the senate. As a result of this imbalance, the government that created this equilibrium will in the end destroy it. Calhoun also claims that the exclusion form the North to the South form gaining as much land as the north is one of the primary concerns for the current political factionalism. Calhoun continues on stating that the tariff, which is used to protect the manufactures of the north, is in fact deadly to business in the south. This, along with the recent increase in the North's population, has also lead to increased sectional discontent and even more grumbles from the south. Best explained by Calhoun is that if the south is continuously faced with the hard decision between abolition and secession, the Union, as we know it with fall to piece and result in some sort of armed conflict. He explains that in order to resolve these tensions, the North will have to make concessions including restoring balance in the Senate, allowing the South to claim land, and accepting slavery.  With these concessions it will allow the south to love peacefully within the union. Almost done with his speech Calhoun concludes by stating the North must take these actions and allow the South to gain California, or else it would become clear the North strongly dislikes the south. Then finally in his last breath of his speech he ends it by saying he has fulfilled his duty by expressing his own opinion and is now free of that responsibility. Then less than one month later he actually took his last breath, and died.

LAD #12 President Polk's War Message

To start his war message to congress President James K. Polk explains that he had recently tried to seek peace the Mexican government, and in his efforts the Mexicans rejected the offering, and then went out and attacked some nearby American Settlements. Polk went on to say that the Mexican government originally approved the American peace envoy, but when John Slidell arrived they soon rejected them.  President Polk also stated that the men who originally approved this envoy were in the ranks of General Herra's army, which now was under control of the revolutionary party, who had to desire to negotiate with America.

The revolutionary part under General Paredes felt no need to follow the example of his predecessor. Polk then explained to congress that he had troops positioned around Texas to protect the Texans and maintain their rights. Polk then addresses two more grievances to Congress; one was that Mexico was unable to stably communicate with America and failed to adhere to their treaties. He then reminds Congress that the American commerce has been hurt, even with America looking to make peaceful amends with Mexico. In the End President Polk ends his message to congress by stating that because Mexico has showed such violence against America, America must declare war on Mexico for the safety of our own citizens. 

LAD #11 - Seneca Falls Declaration

             The Seneca Falls Declaration was brought up by the people who wanted to make change happen. These people couldn't stand with what they were living with and wanted to make the best out of an occupation that was often not glamours. The people who participated in sharing there options were Frances Wright, Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Ernestine Rose, plus many other influential women. These women wanted to be treated as equals, these women expressed how poorly they had been mistreated and abused by men. An example is how men take women as property along with the women's own money. These role model women then came up with ideas on how they could become equal to men. They spoke up and and stated that god had intended all men and women to be equal and that it was the women's responsibly to speak and encourage teaching. These women played an important role in society and the Seneca Falls Declaration was the first step in a long journey for women gaining equality. 

"We hold these truths to be self-evident: that all men and women are created equal"

LAD #10

The Monroe Doctrine: 

           December 2, 1823 at President Monroe's seventh annual address to congress, President Monroe presented the Monroe Doctrine. In the president’s address to congress, he informed them that several countries in Latin America (Chile, Columbia, Mexico and Peru), had established stable governments and that the US should recognize theses countries as newly established countries. With President Monroe’s supervision, John Quincy Adams made instructions for the new ambassadors of these newly recognized countries. President Monroe also declared that the US's policy was to republicanism institutions. The Monroe Doctrine also stated that the US would no longer consider the Western Hemisphere a place for any kind of European Colonization. This doctrine also stated that any further effort made by European countries to gain control in this hemisphere or violated the independence or existing states, would be treated as an act of hostility. According to Monroe the Us, Britain and Russia believed that Europe needed to stay out of colonial affairs and only interfere with their own. It also says that America intends to be neutral in all European affairs and wars, including any of which are between European colonies vs. their mother countries. Then America agreed to stay out of European affairs (including there colonies) and expected in Return Europe to do the same in the Western Hemisphere.

 

LAD #9

Jefferson's First Inaugural Address

 Thomas Jefferson started his March 4th, 1801 Inaugural Address (his first one), by stating he was going to take a very cautious approach to the presidency. Very humble with his words he said he alone was not talented enough to run country and would rely heavily on the Constitution to help him through any trouble. After that Jefferson tells the people of the United States that best for them to unite, regardless of past conflicts. It is his belief that the new republican government will be strong and that the people can successfully govern themselves. Jefferson then tells the people that in order to be successful they must obey the principles of equality, truth, honor and lastly temperance. After that Jefferson lists the policies regarding government, economy and society that will make the Untied States successful. He asks the people to be patient with him and to support the government even at hard times. He will complete his responsibilities to best of his ability,and he will only retire and stop this when the people want him to. Jefferson then ends his first Inaugural Address by reminding the people that the governments power lies in them and they he hopes he and the government will fairly represent the wishes of the people.

Columbus Blog #8

Should Christopher Columbus be considered a hero or villain?

Well... there are two sides to every pancake, but I choose the side where he is a villain. He did do some great things, but the path he took to get there was horrible. Christopher Columbus was a lying, self absorbed, gold seeking traitor. To start off the list of things he did wrong, the first man to see the sight of land was supposed to get a yearly pension of 10,000 maravedis for life, but the man who was first never got his money, Christopher Columbus did. He said he was the first man to see the new land and he lied for the money. Then, when he arrived back from his first voyage he exaggerated his reports and promises to the crown for more money to voyage back again. Then when he went back he started rounding up the natives to use as slaves, he would even take women and children. With these slaves he would send them on gold hunts and if they didn't find any they would have their hand cut off and be left to bleed to death. This then started mass suicide among the natives because they did not want to be taken by the Spaniards. This man caused such a fear in the natives, more then half died, through murder suicide or mutilation. A quote from the reading about the enslavement and killings ""The cruel policy initiated by Columbus and pursued by his successors resulted in complete genocide."" Columbus truly had no respect for the natives culture and what they could teach them, he only had an interest in what he could take from them. He also wasn't even from Spain, he just was representing them, not even his own home country (bad Italian). He really should be considered a villain in history, not a hero. What is presented to society is a day off of work because it was the day this land was found, but what really people are unknowingly celebrating is slavery, cruelty, and death. I don't think people really want to celebrate that Christopher Columbus, that is a memory best kept away.

LAD #7: Washington's Farewell Address

Washington's Farewell Address was a very significant document to the United States. In this farewell address Washington's stated that we was stepping down as president after his second term, and that he would not be back for anymore. Along with this important announcement he shared many of his other thoughts about the nations future. One thought he shared was that he thought there should be no political parties. Along with criticizing the idea of party he criticized the factions, he said that both of these things could be harmful to the unity of the states and could tear them apart. One praise he did have was for the federalists and he was a fan of central government. It was his belief that it held the country together, and that this system was better off at making amendments and laws that helped the citizens. He also states again that he believes the United states should stay neutral at times of war between other countries, for it could bring negative effects on the country (why don't we still listen to this idea) . This document was Washington's good bye but also a warning to the people. Advice was what this document had to offer, advice on how to run the country, how to keep it democratic, safe and unified. In this address you can see the love George Washington had for this country and you ca see his genuine interest in the success of this nation.

LAD #6: Washington's Proclamation of Neutrality

To summarize  "The Proclamation of Neutrality 1793", Washington is saying that in an effort to preserve the nation and allow the new nation to flourish and grow, the United Sates will remain completely neutral. He is saying this at a time when there are many great European super powers. He also states that any American who breaks this act will be punished under the laws of the new constitution. By breaking this act they will not receive the protection of the United States.

Picture for LAD#5

  
Sorry Mr.DeCarlo for the picture error, here is this one, sorry its not funny like the other one.

Republican Motherhood Blog

1.       What role did the Revolutionary War play in the transformation of housewifery to Republican Motherhood?

      The revolutionary war transformed women’s role as seen in Document B, by placing emphasis on women receiving an education. During the war people realized that they need strong educated leaders in the future and the people who educated their future were house wives. The more educated the wife was the more she will teach her son and the better he will be for the country. There more influence on the children the better the future will be.

2.      What were the consequences of Republican Motherhood on women?

Even with this new recognition, the women’s sole purpose was to educate her son (document B). By having her main purpose to educate and raise her son, it constricted her to the house and only taking care of and teaching them in a way that is acceptable by society (Document D).

3.      What is the significance of the ideology of Republican Motherhood as a stage in the process of women’s socialization?

They were the head of the house, they controlled everything. The future of society, they took care of the children that would one day become in charge. "But the influence of woman is not limited to the domestic circle.  Society is her empire, which she governs at will…” this quote shows how the women was in control of society and what would become of the future of it.

Part 2:

1.       Describe the setting.

 The setting to me looks like a nicer home for the time, with the print patterned couch in the back and the corner of the tapestry hanging on the wall in the back ground.

2.      Who serves at the center of the portrait and why?  How does the woman look?  How is she “republican” rather than aristocratic?

The center of this portrait is Cleary the Mother, because she is the one who is most important in the house hold, she takes care of and teaches the children (or "the future"). The future is literally being held in her hands. She looks clean and refined but not to the extent where she is flaunting her wealth, she looks engaged with her children. She looks "republican" in the sense that she is dressed plainly but nice, she is not wearing a Whig (popular at the time). She looks more comfortable with her children and aristocratic person would not be because, they tend to hand their kids of the be raised and do not get to know them as well.

3.      What values do her sons exhibit?

His main value would be his love for America, because he is wearing Red, white and blue. Also at first I did not think this was a boy, because he looks rather feminine. Which could possibly mean he is more accepting of women’s roles in society.

4. is there significance to the position of Mrs. Tilgham’s arm?

She is holding her children close, as in to show her influence will strike close to the children and also that her views will show through them.



LAD#5: Federalist #10

1. Why are factions so difficult to eliminate?
They are difficult because of the large differences in opinions . The opinions change from person to person , there are differences in amounts or wealth and the amounts of property owned . As long as there are these differences the different opinions are really unavoidable.

2. If factions cannot be removed then how can they be controlled?
The article we read says that there are two ways to control them. The first way would be to remove its causes and the second way would be to control it's effects. The removable causes would consist of liberty,  I not each citizen woul have the same interests and opinions .

LAD#4: Revolution Article

1. I did not know George Washington hired someone to write his biography, which he then edited out the unflattering parts of his past.

2.  George Washington never said anything remarkable in any of his speeches (unlike Lincoln) or really ever said anything about the war either.

3. Throughout George Washington's presidency he never commemorated a  day to any battle or the men who died in the war.

4.The revolutionary war was the longest declared war for America.

5. More than 620,000 soldiers died in the civil war, this is the highest death toll compared to any other war.

Those teeth sure got in the way of talking!

LAD #3: Declaration of Independence

1. Democratic Principles

 To summarize the principles in the Declaration of Independence, it states that all men have certain unalienable rights, that all men are created equal and that they can peruse "life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness". Also from this the people have the right to choose how they are being governed, and have the choice to change that. The main principle of this was freedom and independence for their colonies.

 

2. List a handful of grievances:

Some grievances include placing taxes on the colonists with out there consent, Depriving the colonist of the benefit of having a jury at trail, dissolving representative houses that opposed the king (just for not liking them).  Another big grievance of the colonies was that the king cut off all trade with other parts of the world (beside the mother country). The issue of not letting foreigners be naturalized in to the colonies was also brought up on the list of grievances.

3. The Conclusion

To summarize the conclusion, the colonists have tried to warn the British that there attempts at legislator and ruling are unwanted and unjustifiable. They also remind the British why they left in the first place to come to the new world. Then the colonists formally denounce their separation from England, “FREE AND INDEPENTANT STATES”. They say to the crown that they ought to dissolved there power in the new world. And they say that now that they are independent states they have the power to wage war, make peace, form alliances and establish their own commerce and any other act they wish to do.

 

 

LAD#2: Zenger Trial

1. Who was John Peter Zenger?
John Peter Zenger was the printer and editor of the New York Weekly Journal, an opposition newspaper to the Governor
William Cosby.

2. What was the controversy over his charges? Talk about Hamilton's defense.
The controversy was that Zenger was charged with seditious libel, which by definition means "
Written or spoken words, pictures, signs, or other forms of communication that tend to defame, discredit, criticize, impugn, embarrass, challenge, or question the government, its policies, or its officials; speech that advocates the overthrow of the government by force or violence or that incites people to change the government by unlawful means." (The Free Dictionary by Farley). The controversy was that in order for it to be libel it had to be false,but it was just offensive and true. Hamilton made an appeal to a jury to judge both the law and the facts, the result was that it was acquitted.

3. What influence did his case have on American governmental tradition?
Its influence on American governmental traditions was the tradition of freedom of press.

4. What is the lasting significance of his trial? Explain.
The lasting significance in his trail was the affirmation of freedom of speech in America. This opened up new ways for ideas to be shard and not get in any real trouble for saying there ideas or opinions.

LAD#1: MC + FO of CT

1) What concepts are included in the Mayflower Compact?
In the concepts in the Mayflower Compact include having a set of equal laws, making laws and putting together a constitution and also choosing officers to meet and discuss ,plan for the general good of the colony.

2) How does the Mayflower Compact reflect and attachment to both the "Old" and "New" worlds?
It reflects an attachment to the "old" world right from the beginning by saying " We... the Loyal Subjects of ...Sovereign Lord King James... Having undertaken for the Glory of God, and Advancement of the Christian Faith, and the Honour of our King and Country, a Voyage to plant the first Colony in the northern Parts of Virginia", they are saying they are loyal to the king and will create a new colony for him. Where the "new" world part comes in at the end is when the compact says that these men will choose officers to govern them and to make decisions for the good of the colony.

3) How did the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut differ from the Mayflower Compact?
The Fundamental Orders of Connecticut differ greatly, they are a step by step order and very straight forward.Its more of a set up or a plan for the government to run. It has specific jobs with tasks. The Mayflower compact is not as specific as the Orders and does not have as much detail.

4) What prompted the colonists of Connecticut to take this approach to government, i.e.: use of a written Constitution?
Its an assurance to have a set government, it makes them feel secure and stable. Also when it is written out there is proof that these laws exist.

5) In what significant way(s) does the Fundamental Orders reflect a fear of and safeguard against the usurping of power by one person or a chosen few?
It shows that the colonists really didn't want one person or persons to have to much power and control. They didn't want to have another king.They reflect fear in the amount of time they limit the governor from being in charge. Also the fact that they have such a strict voting procedure for the Secretaries. Another way for them is by separating into my sections for the towns, so they can have even representatives to make it more fair.  

Mayflower Compact


The Fundamental Orders of Connecticut